Introduction

Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, with prolonged sun exposure and high UV radiation levels significantly increasing the risk. Regular skin checks are essential for early detection, ensuring prompt treatment and reducing the risk of severe complications. Understanding the importance of skin health and taking preventive measures can save lives.

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow uncontrollably due to DNA damage, often caused by excessive UV exposure. The three main types of skin cancer are:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common but least aggressive form, often appearing as a pearly bump or lesion.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): More aggressive than BCC, presenting as a scaly, red patch or sore that doesn’t heal.
• Melanoma: The most dangerous type, known for spreading quickly if not detected early. It can appear as an irregular mole with uneven colour and borders.

Impact of Skin Cancer in Australia

Skin cancer is a major public health concern in Australia, with over 2,000 deaths annually. Key statistics highlight the severity of the issue:

• Two in three Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer by the age of 70.
• More than one million skin cancer cases are treated each year in Australia.
• Melanoma is the third most common cancer in Australia and the leading cancer in young Australians aged 15–39.

Early detection significantly improves survival rates, and regular skin checks play a crucial role in reducing mortality. Importance of Regular Skin Checks Routine skin checks can identify suspicious changes in moles or lesions early, preventing the progression of skin cancer. Key benefits include:

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

It’s essential to monitor any changes in your skin, particularly new or evolving moles. The ABCDE rule can help identify melanoma:

• A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
• B – Border: Edges are irregular, blurred, or not well-defined.
• C – Colour: Uneven colouring with shades of black, brown, red, white, or blue.
• D – Diameter: Larger than 6mm, though melanomas can be smaller.
• E – Evolution: Any noticeable changes in size, shape, or colour.

If you notice any of these signs, seek medical attention immediately.

How Primary Care and Dermatologists Help

General practitioners (GPs) and dermatologists play a key role in skin cancer detection and management. They provide:

• Comprehensive Skin Examinations: Using dermatoscopes to inspect suspicious lesions.
• Biopsies and Diagnostic Testing: Confirming whether a mole or lesion is cancerous.
• Personalised Treatment Plans: Offering surgical removal, cryotherapy, or other treatments as needed.
• Preventative Advice: Educating patients on sunscreen use, protective clothing, and UV avoidance.

Preventing Skin Cancer

Prevention is the best approach to reducing skin cancer risk. Follow these sun safety measures:

• Apply Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen: SPF 30 or higher, reapplying every two hours.
• Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, hats, and sunglasses to shield from UV rays.
• Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Stay in the shade between 10 AM and 4 PM.
• Regularly Check Your Skin: Self-examinations help in noticing new or changing moles.

Conclusion

Skin cancer is a serious but preventable health issue in Australia. Regular skin checks, sun safety practices, and early detection can significantly reduce the risk and impact of skin cancer. If you notice any skin changes, consult a healthcare professional promptly for assessment and care. Prioritising skin health today can lead to a healthier future.